Overwatering and root rot

Soggy bark, brown mushy roots, and yellowing lower leaves point squarely at overwatering — the most common way a moth orchid declines.

Diagnosis

Overwatering and root rot

What's happening

Phalaenopsis roots are adapted to grip tree bark and dry quickly between rains, so they need air as much as water. When the bark stays wet, the roots suffocate, turn brown and hollow, and rot. With fewer working roots the plant can't support its oldest leaves, which yellow and go soft from the bottom up.

How to fix it

Slip the plant out of its pot and rinse the roots clean. Healthy roots are firm and green or silvery; cut away every brown, mushy, or hollow root with sterilized snips until only firm tissue remains. Repot into fresh, chunky orchid bark in a pot with generous drainage — ideally a clear one so you can watch the roots. Going forward, water only when the bark is dry and the inner roots have turned silvery-grey, and never let the pot stand in water.

What fixes it

If that doesn't fix it

This is general guidance based on common symptoms; individual plants vary.

Reviewed June 2026 · how we check this